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Sub-Saharan African nations account for around one-third of the overall, followed by Latin America and the Middle East (the latter two together accounting for over 40% of the overall). Consisting of, there has actually been an (from 90.3 in 2000-04 to 92.6 and 92.3 in the 5 years pre- and post-pandemic ).

and ranked higher than others; UAE is up more than 45 places in 2024 compared to 2000 while Qatar climbed 24; both Saudi Arabia and Oman rose 17 ranks throughout the period. The caught or even worse off countries are some parts of Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa where structural improvement has stalled.
shows a significant boost in average EDI ratings from 86.8 in 2000-04 to 92.6 in 2020-24, (up more than 10 points in the initial period versus 2020-24). with UAE outshining in the trade sub-index (supported by current bilateral trade contracts & non-oil exports push). vs its pre-pandemic reading (partly provided the surge in medium & high-tech production information).

Its diversification metrics have stagnated, revealing the least improvement between the initial (2000-04) and last (2020-24) referral periods., despite the headwinds of OPEC+ production cuts. A robust non-hydrocarbon expansion was supported by the GCC's robust domestic demand (supported by a strong task pipeline and execution) and strong services sector efficiency.
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia clocked in an increase in non-hydrocarbon revenue, "mostly reflecting non-hydrocarbon tax base growths and income collection efficiency improvements", according to the IMF. In the current geopolitical environment identified by intensifying, it is in the best interests of commodity dependent nations to diversify its export base, exports and trade partners.
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