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Sub-Saharan African countries account for around one-third of the total, followed by Latin America and the Middle East (the latter two together representing over 40% of the overall). Including, there has been an (from 90.3 in 2000-04 to 92.6 and 92.3 in the 5 years pre- and post-pandemic ).
and ranked higher than others; UAE is up more than 45 locations in 2024 compared to 2000 while Qatar climbed up 24; both Saudi Arabia and Oman rose 17 ranks throughout the duration. The trapped or even worse off countries are some parts of Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa where structural change has stalled.
Strengthening the Buffer: How SWFs Manage Regional Risksreveals a considerable boost in typical EDI scores from 86.8 in 2000-04 to 92.6 in 2020-24, (up more than 10 points in the preliminary period versus 2020-24). with UAE outshining in the trade sub-index (supported by recent bilateral trade agreements & non-oil exports push). vs its pre-pandemic reading (partly offered the rise in medium & modern production data).
Its diversification metrics have actually stagnated, revealing the least improvement in between the preliminary (2000-04) and final (2020-24) recommendation periods., regardless of the headwinds of OPEC+ production cuts. A robust non-hydrocarbon growth was supported by the GCC's robust domestic need (supported by a strong job pipeline and implementation) and strong services sector efficiency.
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia clocked in an increase in non-hydrocarbon revenue, "primarily reflecting non-hydrocarbon tax base expansions and profits collection efficiency enhancements", according to the IMF. In the existing geopolitical environment characterized by magnifying, it remains in the best interests of commodity dependent countries to diversify its export base, exports and trade partners.
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